Precision medicine: a matter of regulation or collaboration?

Clearly laying out the multiplicity of existing regulatory instruments that could serve to frame the future of precisionmedicine, the five key ‘ingredients’ listed in the conclusion of Nicol et al., create a recipe that may well ensure the success of such a framing exercise:1 (i) appropriate consideration of safety, efficacy, and patient need; (ii) cost effectiveness; (iii) consistency/equivalency across geographical, technological, and institutional borders; (iv) respect for cultural differences; and (v) genuine engagement with all relevant stakeholders.